The Basics of The English Language & It's Grammar

??Hello , How are you ToDay 

Today, I am going to write about the simplest things in the english Language and mainly focusing on grammar

I hope this will help all speakers and learners of the english Language as a Second Language

If it does not help, and if there are other sections of the Language you need help with, I am always here to help and I will never say no - I promise

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finished

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everything

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Nouns

Definition :: A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events and feelings. Nouns can be a subject or an object of a verb, can be modified by an adjective and can take an article or determiner

:: For example

Table 
Pencil 
The dog 
A white house

Nouns also denote abstract and intangible concepts

:: For example

birth 
happiness 
evolution 
technology, etc

Noun Plurals

We are going to explain some rules that will help you to form the plural forms of the nouns. The general rule is to add "-s" to the noun in singular

:: For example

Book - Books 
House - Houses 
Chair - Chairs

When the singular noun ends in: -sh, -ch, -s, -ss, -x, -owe form their plural form by adding -es

:: For example

sandwich - sandwiches 
brush - brushes 
bus - buses 
box - boxes 
potato - potatoes

When the singular noun ends in "y", we change the "y" for "i" and then add "-es" to form the plural form. But do not change the "y" for "ies" to form the plural when the singular noun ends in "y" preceded by a vowel

:: For example

nappy - nappies 
day - days 
toy - toys

However, there are many Irregular Nouns which do not form the plural in this way

:: For example

Woman - Women 
Child - Children 
Sheep - Sheep

Nouns may take an " 's " ("apostrophe s") or "Genitive marker" to indicate possession. If the noun already has an -s ending to mark the plural, then the genitive marker appears only as an apostrophe after the plural form

:: For example

my girlfriend's brother 
John's house 
The Browns' house 
The boys' pens

The genitive marker should not be confused with the " 's " form of contracted verbs, as in John's a good student =John is a good student

Noun Gender

Many common nouns, like "engineer" or "teacher", can refer to men or women. Once, many English nouns would change form depending on their gender. For example: A man was called an "author" while a woman was called an "authoress

:: For example

.David Garrick was a very prominent eighteenth-century actor
.Sarah Siddons was at the height of her career as an actress in the 1780s
The manager was trying to write a want ad, but he couldn't decide whether he was advertising for a "waiter" or a"waitress"

Types of Nouns

Proper nouns are the names of specific things, people, or places, such as John, France They usually begin with a capital letter

Common nouns are general names such as person, mansion, and bookThey can be either concrete or abstract

Concrete nouns refer to things which you can sense such as clock and telephone

Abstract nouns refer to ideas or qualities such as liberty and
truth

Countable nouns refer to things which can be counted - can be singular or plural

Uncountable nouns refer to some groups of countable nouns, substances, feelings and types of activity - can only be singular

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Pronouns

Pronouns

Definition :: A pronoun usually refers to something already mentioned in a sentence or piece of text. A pronoun is a word that substitutes a noun or noun phrase used to prevent repetition of the noun to which they refer. One of the most common pronouns is it

Rule for Pronouns

A pronoun must agree with the noun it refer. Therefore, if the noun is singular, therefore the pronoun must be singular; if the noun is plural, use a plural pronoun; if the noun is feminine, use a feminine pronoun, and so on

:: For example

The train was late, it had been delayed
The trains were late, they had been delayed

Types of pronouns

English Pronouns are divided into sub-categories. These are Demonstrative, Personal, Reflexive, Possessive, Interrogative, Negative, Reciprocal, Relative and Quantifier

Nouns





Definition :: A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events and feelings. Nouns can be a subject or an object of a verb, can be modified by an adjective and can take an article or determiner

:: For example

Table 
Pencil 
The dog 
A white house

Nouns also denote abstract and intangible concepts

:: For example

birth 
happiness 
evolution 
technology, etc

Noun Plurals

We are going to explain some rules that will help you to form the plural forms of the nouns. The general rule is to add "-s" to the noun in singular

:: For example

Book - Books 
House - Houses 
Chair - Chairs

When the singular noun ends in: -sh, -ch, -s, -ss, -x, -owe form their plural form by adding -es

:: For example

sandwich - sandwiches 
brush - brushes 
bus - buses 
box - boxes 
potato - potatoes

When the singular noun ends in "y", we change the "y" for "i" and then add "-es" to form the plural form. But do not change the "y" for "ies" to form the plural when the singular noun ends in "y" preceded by a vowel

:: For example

nappy - nappies 
day - days 
toy - toys

However, there are many Irregular Nouns which do not form the plural in this way

:: For example

Woman - Women 
Child - Children 
Sheep - Sheep

Nouns may take an " 's " ("apostrophe s") or "Genitive marker" to indicate possession. If the noun already has an -s ending to mark the plural, then the genitive marker appears only as an apostrophe after the plural form

:: For example

my girlfriend's brother 
John's house 
The Browns' house 
The boys' pens

The genitive marker should not be confused with the " 's " form of contracted verbs, as in John's a good student =John is a good student

Noun Gender

Many common nouns, like "engineer" or "teacher", can refer to men or women. Once, many English nouns would change form depending on their gender. For example: A man was called an "author" while a woman was called an "authoress

:: For example

.David Garrick was a very prominent eighteenth-century actor
.Sarah Siddons was at the height of her career as an actress in the 1780s
The manager was trying to write a want ad, but he couldn't decide whether he was advertising for a "waiter" or a"waitress"

Types of Nouns

Proper nouns are the names of specific things, people, or places, such as John, France They usually begin with a capital letter

Common nouns are general names such as person, mansion, and bookThey can be either concrete or abstract

Concrete nouns refer to things which you can sense such as clock and telephone

Abstract nouns refer to ideas or qualities such as liberty and
truth

Countable nouns refer to things which can be counted - can be singular or plural

Uncountable nouns refer to some groups of countable nouns, substances, feelings and types of  activity - can only be singular

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Verbs Definition :: Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does :: For example Paul rides a bicycle Here, the verb rides certainly denotes an action which Paul performs - the action of riding a bicycle We buy some books to learn English verbs In this example, the action word is "to buy". It tells us that the subject "we", that is the person who performs the action of the verb is "buying some books" The verb tense shows the time of the action or state. Aspect shows whether the action or state is completed or not. Voice is used to show relationships between the action and the people affected by it. Mood shows the attitude of the speaker about the verb, whether it is a declaration or an order. Verbs can be affected by person and number to show agreement with the subject Most statements in speech and writing have a main verb. These verbs are expressed in "tenses" which place everything in a point in time Verbs are conjugated (inflected) to reflect how they are used. There are two general areas in which conjugation occurs; for person and for tense Conjugation for tense  Conjugation for tense is carried out on all verbs. All conjugations start with the infinitive form of the verb. The infinitive is simply the to form of the verb :: For example To begin The present participle form (the -ing form), is formed by adding ing to the bare infinitive. For example, to begin - beginning There are two other forms that the verb can take, depending on the tense type and time, thesimple past form and the past participle The form of the verb or its tense can tell when events take place :: For example, the verb kiss Conjugation for person  Conjugation for person occurs when the verb changes form, depending on whether it is governed by a first, second, or third person subject. This gives three conjugations for any verb depending on who is acting as the subject of the verb. For example: we have I begin, you begin , and he begins. Note that  only the third conjunction really shows a difference In English, we distinguish between regular and irregular verbs. Regular verbs are those ones which form their past simple and past participle just by adding "-ed" to the base of the verb. Therest are irregular :: Examples Dracula bites his victims on the neck In early October, Giselle will plant twenty tulip bulbs She travels to work by train We walked five miles to a garage